We seek methods to model, control, and analyze robot teams performing environmental monitoring tasks. During environmental monitoring, the goal is to have teams of robots collect various data throughout a fixed region for extended periods of time. Standard bottom-up task assignment methods do not scale as the number of robots and task locations increases and require computationally expensive replanning. Alternatively, top-down methods have been used to combat computational complexity, but most have been limited to the analysis of methods which focus on transition times between tasks. In this work, we study a class of nonlinear macroscopic models which we use to control a time-varying distribution of robots performing different tasks throughout an environment. Our proposed ensemble model and control maintains desired time-varying populations of robots by leveraging naturally occurring interactions between robots performing tasks. We validate our approach at multiple fidelity levels including experimental results, suggesting the effectiveness of our approach to perform environmental monitoring.
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Any strategy used to distribute a robot ensemble over a set of sequential tasks is subject to inaccuracy due to robot-level uncertainties and environmental influences on the robots' behavior. We approach the problem of inaccuracy during task allocation by modeling and controlling the overall ensemble behavior. Our model represents the allocation problem as a stochastic jump process and we regulate the mean and variance of such a process. The main contributions of this paper are: Establishing a structure for the transition rates of the equivalent stochastic jump process and formally showing that this approach leads to decoupled parameters that allow us to adjust the first- and second-order moments of the ensemble distribution over tasks, which gives the flexibility to decrease the variance in the desired final distribution. This allows us to directly shape the impact of uncertainties on the group allocation over tasks. We introduce a detailed procedure to design the gains to achieve the desired mean and show how the additional parameters impact the covariance matrix, which is directly associated with the degree of task allocation precision. Our simulation and experimental results illustrate the successful control of several robot ensembles during task allocation.
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This paper focuses on the broadcast of information on robot networks with stochastic network interconnection topologies. Problematic communication networks are almost unavoidable in areas where we wish to deploy multi-robotic systems, usually due to a lack of environmental consistency, accessibility, and structure. We tackle this problem by modeling the broadcast of information in a multi-robot communication network as a stochastic process with random arrival times, which can be produced by irregular robot movements, wireless attenuation, and other environmental factors. Using this model, we provide and analyze a receding horizon control strategy to control the statistics of the information broadcast. The resulting strategy compels the robots to re-direct their communication resources to different neighbors according to the current propagation process to fulfill global broadcast requirements. Based on this method, we provide an approach to compute the expected time to broadcast the message to all nodes. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results.
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Transfer operators offer linear representations and global, physically meaningful features of nonlinear dynamical systems. Discovering transfer operators, such as the Koopman operator, require careful crafted dictionaries of observables, acting on states of the dynamical system. This is ad hoc and requires the full dataset for evaluation. In this paper, we offer an optimization scheme to allow joint learning of the observables and Koopman operator with online data. Our results show we are able to reconstruct the evolution and represent the global features of complex dynamical systems.
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国家估计是许多机器人应用中的重要方面。在这项工作中,我们考虑通过增强状态估计算法中使用的动力学模型来获得机器人系统的准确状态估计的任务。现有的框架,例如移动视野估计(MHE)和无气味的卡尔曼过滤器(UKF),为合并非线性动力学和测量模型提供了灵活性。但是,这意味着这些算法中的动力学模型必须足够准确,以保证状态估计的准确性。为了增强动力学模型并提高估计准确性,我们利用了一个深度学习框架,称为基于知识的神经普通微分方程(KNODES)。 KNODE框架将先验知识嵌入到训练过程中,并通过将先前的第一原理模型与神经普通微分方程(NODE)模型融合来合成精确的混合模型。在我们提出的最新框架中,我们将数据驱动的模型集成到两种基于新型模型的状态估计算法中,它们表示为Knode-Mhe和Knode-UKF。在许多机器人应用中,将这两种算法与它们的常规对应物进行了比较。使用部分测量值,地面机器人的定位以及四型二次估计的状态估计。通过使用现实世界实验数据的模拟和测试,我们证明了所提出的学习增强状态估计框架的多功能性和功效。
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在本文中,我们为具有异质传感器的机器人团队提供了在线自适应计划策略,以使用学习的模型进行决策模型从潜在空间领域进行采样。当前的机器人抽样方法试图收集有关可观察到的空间场的信息。但是,许多应用程序,例如环境监测和精确农业,都涉及不直接观察或衡量昂贵的现象,称为潜在现象。在我们的方法中,我们试图通过使用具有异质传感器的机器人团队有效地采样可观察到的空间场来实时推理潜在现象,在这种空间场中,每个机器人都有一个独特的传感器来测量不同可观察的场。信息增益是使用从可观察到的空间场映射到潜在现象的学习模型来估计的。该模型捕获了关系中的不确定性,以允许信息理论措施。此外,我们明确考虑可观察到的空间场之间的相关性,从而捕获了观察结果并非独立的传感器类型之间的关系。我们表明,可以学习这些相关性,并研究学习相关模型对我们采样方法性能的影响。通过我们的定性和定量结果,我们说明了经验学习的相关性提高了团队的整体抽样效率。我们使用在魁北克的Lac Hertel上收集的传感器测量数据集模拟我们的方法,我们可以公开使用。
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在这项工作中,我们考虑了在线环境中提高模型预测控制(MPC)动态模型准确性的任务。即使可以学习预测模型并将其应用于基于模型的控制器,但这些模型也经常离线学习。在此离线环境中,首先收集培训数据,并通过详细的培训程序来学习预测模型。将模型训练至所需的精度后,然后将其部署到模型预测控制器中。但是,由于模型是离线学习的,因此它不适合部署过程中观察到的干扰或模型错误。为了提高模型和控制器的适应性,我们提出了一个在线动力学学习框架,该框架不断提高部署过程中动态模型的准确性。我们采用基于知识的神经普通微分方程(KNODE)作为动态模型,并使用受转移学习启发的技术来不断提高模型的准确性。我们通过四型机器人证明了框架的功效,并在模拟和物理实验中验证框架。结果表明,所提出的方法能够说明可能段时间变化的干扰,同时保持良好的轨迹跟踪性能。
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多机器人自适应抽样问题旨在为机器人团队找到轨迹,以有效地对机器人的给定耐力预算中的感兴趣现象进行采样。在本文中,我们使用分散的多代理增强学习来提出一种可靠,可扩展的方法,用于准静态环境过程的合作自适应采样(MARLAS)。鉴于该领域的先验采样,该提议的方法学习了一个机器人团队的分散政策,以在固定预算范围内采样高实现区域。多机器人自适应采样问题要求机器人彼此协调,以避免重叠的采样轨迹。因此,我们编码机器人之间的邻居位置和间歇性通信在学习过程中的估计值。我们评估了Marlas对多个性能指标的评估,发现它的表现优于其他基线多机器人采样技术。我们进一步证明了与机器人团队的大小和所采样区域的大小相对于通信失败和可伸缩性的鲁棒性。实验评估既是对真实数据的模拟,又在演示环境设置的实际机器人实验中进行的。
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我们提出了一种基于流动的控制策略,该策略使资源受限的海洋机器人能够在给定范围内周期性的轨道轨迹上巡逻类似Gyre的流动环境。控制器不需要流场的详细模型,而仅依赖于机器人的位置相对于GYRE的中心。该机器人不是精确地跟踪预定义的轨迹,而是任务保留在两个具有已知周期性的边界轨迹之间。此外,提出的策略利用周围的流场最大程度地减少控制努力。我们证明,提出的策略使机器人能够在满足所需周期性要求的流量中循环。我们的方法在模拟和实验中使用低成本,不足的表面游泳机器人(即Modboat)进行了测试和验证。
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本文研究了全球动态和高级功能的知识如何为流动环境中的机器人提供信息。具体而言,我们调查如何连贯的集合,在这些环境中发现的环境特征,可通知在这些方案中的机器人意识。所提出的方法是一种在线环境特征发生器,可用于机器人推理。我们在线计算Chereent Sets与机器学习的技术和设计框架,用于机器人行为,用于利用连贯的集合功能。我们展示了在线方法在离线方法上的有效性。值得注意的是,我们应用这些在线方法,以便通过水进行人行动行为和机器人导航的机器人监控。相干套装等环境特征为机器人提供了丰富的上下文,更智能,更高效的行为。
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